Specific Heat

Cox, R. A. and N. D. Smith, The specific heat of sea water, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 252A, 51-62, 1959.

Bromley, L. A., V. A. Desaussure, James C. Clipp and J. S. Wright, Heat capacities of sea water solutions, J. Chem. & Engr. Data, 12, 202-206, 1967.

Bromley, L. A., Heat capacity of sea water solutions, J. Chem. & Engr. Data, 13, 60-62, 1968.

Millero, F. J., G. Perron and J. E. Desnoyers, Heat capacity of seawater solutions, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 4499-4507, 1973.

Equation of State

Ekman, V. W., Compressibility of sea water, Andr. Fred. Hdst and Fils, 43, 5-47, 1908.

Eckart, C., Properties of water, part II. The equation of state of water and sea water at low temperatures and pressures, A. J. Sci, 256, 225-240, 1958.

Crease, J., The specific volume of sea water under pressure as determined by recent measurements of sound velocity, Deep-Sea Res., 9, 209-213, 1962.

Newton, M. S. and G. C. Kennedy, An experimental study of the P-V-T-S relations of seawater, J. Mar. Res., 23, 88-103, 1965.

Wilson, W. D. and D. Bradley, Specific volume, thermal expansion and isothermal compressibility of sea water, Naval Ordnance Laboratory Tech. Rpt., 66-103, 1966.

Li, Y. H., Equation of state of water and sea water, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 2665-2687, 1967.

Caldwell, D. R., Determining the thermal expansion coefficient of liquids by observing the onset of convection, Rev. Sci. Instr., 12, 1856-1859, 1970.

Caldwell, D. R. and B. E. Tucker, Determination of the thermal expansion of sea water by observing the onset of convection, Deep-Sea Res., 17, 707-719. 1970.

Emmet, R. T. and F. J. Millero, Direct measurement of the specific volume of sea water, preliminary results, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 3463-3472, 1974.

Fine, R. A., D.-P. Wang and F. J. Millero, The equation of state of seawater, J. Mar. Res., 32, 433-456, 1974.

Caldwell, D. R., The maximum-density points of pure and saline water, Deep-Sea Res., 25, 175-181, 1978.

Caldwell, D. R. and S. A. Eide, Adiabatic gradient and potential temperature correction in pure and saline water, Deep-Sea Res., 27A, 71-78, 1980.

Millero, F. J., C. T. Chen, A. Bradshaw and K. Schleicher, A new high pressure equation of state for seawater, Deep-Sea Res., 27, 255-264, 1980.

Molecular Diffusion

Chipman, J., The Soret effect, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 48, 2577-2589, 1926.

Tanner, C. C., The Soret effect, Patrt I, Trans. Faraday Soc., 23, 75-95, 1927.

Debye, P. and A. M. Bueche, Thermal diffusion of polymer solutions, in High Polymer Physics, ed H. A. Robinson, Chemical Publishing Co., Brooklyn NY, 497-527, 1948.

Agar, J. N., The rate of attainment of Soret equilibrium, Trans. Faraday Soc., 56, 776-787,1960.

Agar, J. N. and J. C. R. Turner, Thermal diffusion in solutions of electrolytes, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A255, 307-329, 1960.

Snowden, P. N. and J. C. R. Turner, The concentration dependence of the Soret effect, Trans. Faraday Soc., 56, 1812-1819, 1960.

Snowden, P. N. and J. C. R. Turner, The Soret effect in some 0.01 N aqueous electrolytes, Trans. Faraday Soc., 56, 1409-1418, 1960.

Butler, R. D. and J. C. R. Turner, Soret coefficients and heats of transport of some aqueous electrolytes at 9 degrees, J. Phys. Chem., 65, 3598-3599, 1965.

Rastogi, R. P. and G. L. Madan, Dufour effect in liquids, J. Chem. Phys., 43, 4179-4189, 1965.

Horne, F. H. and T. G. Anderson, Pure thermal diffusion. I. Time-dependent phenomenological theory for binary liquids, J. Chem. Physics, 53, 2321-2332, 1970.

Rastogi, R. P. and B. L. S. Yadava, Estimation of the Dufour effect in liquid mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 52, 2791-2792, 1970.

Caldwell, D. R., Thermal and Fickian diffusion of sodium chloride in a solution of oceanic concentration, Deep-Sea Res., 20, 1029-1039, 1973.

Caldwell, D. R., The measurement of negative thermal diffusion coefficients by observing the onset of thermohaline convection, J. Phys. Chem., 77, 2004-2008, 1973.

Ingle, S. E. and F. H. Horne, The Dufour effect, J. Chem. Phys., 59, 5882-5894, 1973.

Caldwell, D. R., The effect of pressure on thermal and Fickian diffusion of sodium chloride, Deep-Sea Res., 21, 369-376, 1974.

Caldwell, D. R., Soret coefficient of 1 N Lithium Iodide, J. Phys. Chem. 79, 1882-1885, 1975.

Caldwell, D. R., Pressure dependence of thermal and Fickian diffusion in 0.1 N sodium chloride, J. Phys. Chem., 79, 1885-1888, 1975.

Caldwell, D. R., Thermal and Fickian diffusion of magnesium sulfate, Deep-Sea Res., 24, 853-856, 1977.

Caldwell, D. R. and S. A. Eide, Soret coefficients and isothermal diffusivity of aqueous solutions of five principal salt constituents of sea water, Deep-Sea Res., 28A, 1605-1618, 1981.

Caldwell, D. R. and S. A. Eide, Separation of seawater by Soret diffusion, Deep-Sea Res., 32, 965-982, 1985.

Electrical Conductivity

Cox, R. A., F. Culkin, R. Greenhalgh and J. P. Riley, Chlorinity, conductivity and density of sea-water, Nature, 193, 518-520, 1962.

Horne, R. A. and G. R. Frysinger, The effect of pressure on the electrical conductivity of sea water, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 1967-1973, 1963.

Park, K. Partial equivalent conductance of electrolytes in sea water, Deep-Sea Res., 11, 729-736, 1964.

Bradshaw, A. and K. E. Schleicher, The effect of pressure on the electrical conductance of sea water, Deep-Sea Res., 12, 151-162, 1965.

Malmberg, C. G., Electrical conductivity of dilute solutions of "sea water" from 5 to 120 C, Journal of Res. of the Nat. Bur. Stand., 69A, 40-43, 1965.

Reeburgh, W. S., Measurements of the electrical conductivity of seawater, J. Mar. Res., 23, 187-199, 1965.

Dauphinee, T. M. and H. P. Klein, The effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity of seawater, Deep-Sea Res., 24, 891-902, 1977.

Index of Refraction

Millard, R. C. and G. Seaver, An index of refraction algorithm for seawater, Deep-Sea Res., 37, No. 12, 1990.

Speed of Sound

Wilson, W. D., Speed of sound in sea water as a function of temperature, pressure and salinity, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 32, 641-645, 1960.

Thermal Conductivity

 Jamieson, D. T. and J. S. Tudhope, Physical properties of sea water solutions. Thermal Conductivity, Desalination, 8, 393-401, 1970.

Caldwell, D. R., The thermal conductivity of sea water, Deep-Sea Res., 21, 131-138, 1974.

Viscosity

Miyake, Y. and M. Koizumi, The measurement of the viscosity coefficient of sea water, J. Mar. Res., 7, 63-66, 1948.

Horne, R. A. and D. S. Johnson, The viscosity of compressed seawater, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 5275-5277, 1966.