Oakey, N. S. and J. A. Elliott, The variability of temperature-gradient microstructure in the Denmark Strait, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 1933-1944, 1980.

Oakey, N. S., Determination of the rate of dissipation of turbulent energy from simultaneous temperature and velocity shear microstructure measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 254-271, 1982.

Oakey, N. S. and J. A. Elliott, Dissipation within the surface mixed layer, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 12, 171-185, 1982.

Oakey, N. S., Statistics of mixing parameters in the upper ocean during JASIN Phase II, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1662-1675, 1985.

Oakey, N. S., Estimates of mixing inferred from temperature and velocity microstructure, in Small-scale turbulence and mixing in the ocean, Nihoul & Jamart, eds, Elsevier Oc. Ser. Vol 46, NY, 471-480, 1988.

Oakey, N. S., B. Ruddick, D. Walsh and J. Burke, Turbulence and microstructure measurements during NATRE, EOS, 75, 130, 1994.

Okawa, B. S. and J. P. Dugan, Contamination of conductivity measurements by waterborne particles, Ocean Eng., 11, 265-279, 1984.

Orlanski, O. and K. Bryan, Formation of the thermocline step structure by large-amplitude internal gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 6975-6983, 1969.

Osborn, T. R. and C. S. Cox, Oceanic fine structure, Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 3, 321-345, 1972.

Osborn, T. R., Temperature microstructure in Powell Lake, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 302-307, 1973.

Osborn, T. R., Vertical profiling of velocity microstructure, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 4, 109-115, 1974.

Osborn, T. R., Measurements of energy dissipation adjacent to an island, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 2939-2958, 1978.

Osborn, T. R., Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from dissipation measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 83-89, 1980.

Osborn, T. R. and L. E. Bilodeau, Temperature microstructure in the Equatorial Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 66-82, 1980.

Osborn, T. R. and W. R. Crawford, Turbulent velocity measurements with an airfoil probe, Instruments and methods of Air-Sea Interaction, ed. L. Hasse, F. Dobson and R. Davis, Plenum Press, 1980.

Osborn, T. R. and R. G. Lueck, Turbulence measurements with a submarine, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1502-1520, 1985.

Osborn, T. R. and R. G. Lueck, Turbulence measurements from a towed body, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 2, 517-527, 1985.

Osborn, T. R., Signatures of doubly-diffusive convection and turbulence in an intrusive regime, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 145-155, 1988.

Osborn, T. R., Observations of the salt fountain, Atmos.-Oceans, 29, 340-356, 1991.

Osborn, T. R., D. M. Farmer, S, Vagle, S. A. Thorpe and M. Cure, Measurements of bubble plumes and turbulence from a submarine, Atmosphere-Ocean, 30, 419-440, 1992.

Ostrovsky, L. A., V. I. Kazakov, P. A. Matusov and D. V. Zaborskikh, Experimental study of the internal wave damping on small scale turbulence, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 398-405, 1996.

Ostrovshy, L. A. and D. V. Zaborshikh, Damping of internal gravity waves by small-scale turbulence, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 388-397, 1996.

Ottino, J. M., Mixing, chaotic advection and turbulence, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 22, 207-254, 1990.

Owen, R. W., Microscale and fine scale variations of small plankton in coastal and pelagic environments, J. Mar. Res., 47, 197-240, 1989.

Pacanowshi, R. C. and S. G. H. Philander, Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical models of tropical oceans, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1443-1451, 1981.

Padman, L. and I. S. F. Jones, Richardson number statistics in the seasonal thermocline, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 15, 844-854, 1985.

Padman, L. and T. M. Dillon, Vertical heat fluxes through the Beaufort Sea thermohaline staircase, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10,799-10,806, 1987.

Padman, L. and T. M. Dillon, Thermal microstructure and internal waves in the Canada Basin diffusive staircase, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 531-542, 1989.

Padman, L. M. Levine, T. M. Dillon, J. Morison and R. Pinkel, Hydrography and microstructure of an Arctic cyclonic eddy, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 9411-9420, 1990.

Padman, L. and T. M. Dillon, Turbulent mixing near the Yermak Plateau, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 4769-4782, 1991.

Padman, L., Momentum fluxes through sheared oceanic thermohaline steps, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,491-22,500, 1994.

Paduan, J. D. and P. P. Niiler, Structure of velocity and temperature in the northeast Pacific as measured with Lagrangian drifters, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 585-600, 1993.

Pak, H., J. R. V. Zaneveld and J. Kitchen, Intermediate nepheloid layers observed off Oregon and Washington, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 6697-6708, 1980.

Pao, Y. H., Structure of turbulent velocity and scalar fields at large wavenumbers, Phys. Fluids, 8, 1063-1075, 1965.

Park, K. Partial equivalent conductance of electrolytes in sea water, Deep-Sea Res., 11, 729-736, 1964.

Paulson, C. A. and J. J. Simpson, The temperature difference across the cool skin of the ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 11044-11054, 1981.

Pedley, T. J. and J. O. Kessler, Hydrodynamic phenomena in suspensions of swimming microorganisms, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 24, 313-358, 1992.

Pedlosky, J. and R. Samuelson, Wind forcing and the zonal structure of the EUC, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1244-1254, 1989.

Perkin, R. C. and E. L. Lewis, Mixing in an Arctic Fjord, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 8, 873-880, 1978.

Peters, H. and M. C. Gregg, Some dynamical and statistical properties of equatorial turbulence, in Small-Scale Turbulence and Mixing in the Ocean, Nihoul & Jamart, Elsevier, Amst., 185-200, 1988.

Peters, H., M. C. Gregg and J. M. Toole, On the parameterization of equatorial turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1199-1218, 1988.

Peters, H., M. C. Gregg and J. M. Toole, Meridional variability of turbulence through the equatorial undercurrent, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 18,003-18,010, 1989.

Peters, H., M., M. C. Gregg and T. B. Sanford, Equatorial and off-equatorial fine-scale and large-scale shear variability at 140W, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 16,913-16,928, 1991.

Peters, H., M. C. Gregg and T. B. Sanford, The diurnal cycle of the upper equatorial ocean: Turbulence, fine-scale shear and mean shear, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 7707-7724, 1994.

Peters, H., M. C. Gregg and T. B. Sanford, On the parameterization of equatorial turbulence: Effect of fine-scale variations below the range of the diurnal cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,333-18,348, 1995.

Peters, H., M. C. Gregg and T. B. Sanford, Detail and scaling of overturns in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,349-18,368, 1995.

Phillips, O. M., Turbulence in a strongly stratified fluid - is it unstable?, Deep-Sea Res., 19, 79-81, 1972.

Phillips, O. M., J. Shyu and H. Salmun, An experiment on boundary mixing: mean circulation and transport rates, J. Fluid Mech., 173, 473-499, 1986.

Phillips, O. M., The Kolmogoroff spectrum and its oceanic cousins: a review, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., A 434, 125-138, 1991.

Piascek, S. A. and J. Toomre, Nonlinear evolution and structure of salt fingers, Marine Turbulence, ed. J. C. Nihoul, Elsevier, 193-219, 1980.

Piccirillo, P. S. and C. W. Van Atta, The evolution of a uniformly sheared thermally stratified turbulent flow, J. Fluid Mech., 334, 61-86, 1997.

Pingree, R. D., Small-scale structure of temperature and salinity near Station Cavall, Deep-Sea Res., 16, 275-295, 1969.

Pingree, R. D., Analysis of the temperature and salinity small-scale structure in the region of Mediterranean influence in the N. E. Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res., 18, 485-491, 1971.

Pingree, R. D., Regularly spaced instrumental temperature and salinity structures, Deep-Sea Res., 18, 841-844, 1971.

Pingree, R. D., Mixing in the deep stratified ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 19, 549-561, 1972.

Pingree, R. D., The stability of small-scale structures, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 338-343, 1973.

Pinkel, R., A. Plueddemann and R. Williams, Internal wave observations from FLIP in MILDEX, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1737-1757, 1987.

Pinkel, R., J. Sherman, J. Smith and S. Anderson, Strain: Observations of the vertical gradient of isopycnal vertical displacement, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 527-540, 1991.

Pinkel, R. and S. Anderson, Toward a statistical description of finescale strain in the thermocline, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 773-795, 1993.

Pinkel, R. and J. A. Smith, Repeat-sequence coding for improved precision of Doppler sonar and sodar, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 9, 149-163, 1992.

Pinkel, R., M. Merrifield and H. Ramm, Probing the interior of Arctic leads: Investigations using high-frequency sound, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 4693-4706, 1995.

Pinkel, R. and S. Anderson, Shear, strain and Richardson number variations in the thermocline. Part I: Statistical description, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 264-281, 1997.

Pinkel, R. and S. Anderson, Shear, strain and Richardson number variations in the thermocline. Part II: Modeling mixing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 282-290, 1997.

Plueddemann, A.J., J.A. Smith, D.M. Farmer, R.A. Weller, W.R. Crawford, R. Pinkel, S. Vagle and A. Gnanadesikan, Langmuir circulation during the SWAPP, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3525-3544, 1996.

Pollard, R. T. and K. J. H. Thomas, Vertical circulation revealed by diurnal heating of the upper ocean in late winter, Part I: Observation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 269-278, 1989.

Pollard, R. T. and K. J. H. Thomas, Vertical circulation revealed by diurnal heating of the upper ocean in late winter, part II: Modeling, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 279-281, 1989.

Polonichko, V., Generation of Langmuir circulation for nonaligned wind stress and the Stokes drift, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 15,773-15,780, 1997.

Polzin, K. L., J. M. Toole and R. W. Schmitt, Finescale parameterizations of turbulent dissipation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 306-328, 1995.

Polzin, K. Statistics of the Richardson number: Mixing models and finestructure, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1409-1425, 1996.

Polzin, K. L., N. S. Oakey, J. M. Toole and R. W. Schmitt, Fine structure and microstructure characteristics across the northwest Atlantic Subtropical Front, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,111-14,122, 1996.

Posmentier, E. S. and R. W. Houghton, Fine structure instabilities induced by double diffusion in the shelf/slope water front, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5135-5138, 1978.

Posmentier, E. S., A numerical study of the effects of heat diffusion through the base of the mixed layer, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 4883-4887, 1980.

Posmentier, E. S. and C. B. Hibbard, The role of tilt in double-diffusive interleaving, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 518-524, 1982.

Posmentier, E. S. and A. D. Kirwan, Jr., The role of double diffusive interleaving in mesoscale dynamics, An hypothesis, J. Mar. Res., 43, 541-552, 1985.

Poulain, P.-M., Near-inertial and diurnal motions in the trajectories of a mixed layer drifter, J. Mar. Res., 48, 793-823, 1990.

Poulain, P-M., Estimates of horizontal divergence and vertical velocity in the equatorial Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 601-607, 1993.

Prandke, H.and A. Stips, A model of Baltic thermocline patches, deduced from experimental investigations, Continental Shelf Res., 12, 643-659, 1993.

Price, J. E., C. N. K. Mooers and J. C. Van Leer, Observations and simulation of storm-induced mixed-layer deepening, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 8, 582-599, 1978.

Price, J. F., Observations of a rain-formed mixed layer, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 643-649, 1979.

Price, J. F., Upper ocean response to a hurricane, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 153-175, 1981.

Price, J. F., R. A. Weller and R. Pinkel, Diurnal cycling: Observations and models of the upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling and wind mixing, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8411-8427, 1986.

Price, J. F., E. A. Terray and R. A. Weller, Upper ocean dynamics, Rev. Geophys., 25, 193-203, 1987.

Price, J. F. , T. B. Sanford and G. Z. Forristall, Forced stage response to a moving hurricane, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 233-260, 1994.

Pulkkinen, K., Comparison of different bit-mapping methods for a bottom-mounted acoustic profiler, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 752-763, 1993.

Qiao, L. and R. H. Weisberg, The zonal momentum balance of the Equatorial undercurrent in the Central Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1094-1119, 1997.

Quay, P. D., W. S. Broeker, R. H. Hesslein and D. W. Schlindler, Vertical diffusion rates determined by Tritium tracer experiments in two lakes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 25, 201-218, 1980.

Rastogi, R. P. and G. L. Madan, Dufour effect in liquids, J. Chem. Phys., 43, 4179-4189, 1965.

Rastogi, R. P. and B. L. S. Yadava, Estimation of the Dufour effect in liquid mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 52, 2791-2792, 1970.

Reeburgh, W. S., Measurements of the electrical conductivity of seawater, J. Mar. Res., 23, 187-199, 1965.

Regier, L., Mesoscale current fields observed with a shipboard profiling acoustic current meter, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 880-886, 1982.

Reimers, C. E., K. M. Fischer, R. Merewether, K. L. Smith and R. A. Jahnke, Oxygen microprofiles measured in deep ocean sediments, Nature, 320, 741-744, 1986.

Richardson, L. F., The supply of energy from and to atmospheric eddies, Proc. Roy. Soc., A97, 354-373, 1920.

Richards, K. J., Double-diffusive interleaving at the equator, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 933-938.

Richards, K. J., M. E. Inall and N. C. Wells, The diurnal mixed layer and upper ocean heat budget in the western equatorial Pacific J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6865-6880, 1995.

Rieder, K. F., J. A. Smith and R. A. Weller, Some evidence of colinear wind stress and wave breaking, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2519-2524, 1996.

Robertson, J. E. and A. J. Watson, Thermal skin effect of the surface ocean and its implication for CO2 uptake, Nature, 358, 738-741, 1992.

Robertson, R., L. Padman and M. D. Levine, Fine structure, microstructure, and vertical mixing processes in the upper ocean in the western Weddell Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,517-18,536, 1995.

Robinson, A. R., An investigation into wind as the cause of the equatorial undercurrent, J. Mar. Res., 24, 179-204, 1966.

Robinson, S. K., Coherent motions in the turbulent boundary layer, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 23, 601-640, 1991.

Rodi, W., Examples of calculation methods for flow and mixing in stratified fluids, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5305-5328, 1987.

Rodke, J., Wind mixing in a turbulent surface layer in the presence of a horizontal density gradient, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1080-1083, 1991.

Roe, H. S. J. and G. Griffiths, Biological information from an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Marine Biology, 115, 339-346, 1993.

Rohr, J. and C. Van Atta, Mixing efficiency in stably stratified growing turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5481-5488, 1987.

Rohr, J. J., E. C. Itsweire, K. N. Helland and C. W. Van Atta, An investigation of the growth of turbulence in a uniform-mean-shear flow, J. Fluid Mech., 187, 1-33, 1988.

Rosenblum, L. J. and G. O. Marmorino, Statistics of mixing patches observed in the Sargasso Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5349-5358, 1990.

Rossby, T., J. Fontaine and J. Hummon, Measuring mean velocities with POGO, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 8, 713-717, 1991.

Rossby, T., J. Fontaine and E. C. Carter, Jr., The f/h float - measuring stretching vorticity directly, Deep-Sea Res., 41, 975-992, 1994.

Rothschild, B. J. and T. R. Osborn, Small-scale turbulence and plankton contact rates, J. Plankton Res., 10, 465-474, 1988.

Rouseff, D., K. B. Winters and T. E. Ewart, Reconstruction of oceanic microstructure by tomography: a numerical feasibility study, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8823-8834, 1991.

Ruddick, B. R. and J. S. Turner, The vertical length scale of double-diffusive intrusions, Deep-Sea Res., 26, 903-913, 1979.

Ruddick, B., The life of a thermohaline intrusion, J. Mar. Res., 42, 831-852, 1984.

Ruddick, B. R., Momentum transfer in thermohaline staircases, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 895-902, 1985.

Ruddick, B. R., R. W. Griffiths and G. Symonds, Frictional stress at a sheared double-diffusive interface, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 18,161-18,173, 1989.

Ruddick, B. R. and D. Hebert, The mixing of meddy "Sharon", Small-scale mixing in the ocean, Elsevier Oceanographic Series, 46, 1988.

Ruddick, B. R., T. J. McDougall and J. S. Turner, The formation of layers in a uniformly-stirred density gradient, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 597-610, 1989.

Ruddick, B. and L. Zhang, The mythical thermohaline oscillation?, J. Mar. Res., 47, 717-746, 1989.

Ruddick, B., Intrusive mixing in a Mediterranean salt lens, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1274-1285, 1992.

Rudels, B., Haline convection in the Greenland Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 37(9A), 1491-1511, 1990.

Rudels, B., L. G. Anderson and E. P. Jones, Formation and evolution of the surface mixed layer and halocline of the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8807-8822, 1996.

Salmun, H., P. D. Killworth and J. R. Blundell, A two-dimensional model of boundary mixing, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 18,447-18,474, 1991.

Sandstrom, H., J. A. Elliott and N. A. Cochrane, Observing groups of solitary internal waves and turbulence with Batfish and echo sounder, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 987-997, 1989.

Sandstrom, H. and N. S. Oakey, Dissipation in internal tides and solitary waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 604-614, 1995.

Sanford, T. B., R. G. Drever and J. H. Dunlap, An acoustic Doppler and electromagnetic velocity profiler, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 2, 110-124, 1985.

Sanford, L. P. and W. D. Grant, Dissipation of internal wave energy in the bottom boundary layer on the continental shelf, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1828-1844, 1987.

Sanford, T. B., Spatial structure of thermocline and abyssal internal waves, Proceedings, Hawaiian Winter Workshop, 109-142, 1991.

Santshi, P. H., R. F. Anderson, M. Q. Fleisher and W. Bowles, Measurements of diffusive sublayer thicknesses in the ocean by alabaster dissolution, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10,641-10,680, 1991.

Sarmiento, J. L., W. S. Broeker and P. E. Biscaye, Excess bottom Radon-222 distribution on deep ocean passages, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5068-5076, 1978.

Sarmiento, J. L. and C. G. H. Rooth, A comparison of vertical and isopycnal mixing models in the deep sea based on radon-222 measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 1515-1518, 1980.

Saunders, P. M., Flow through Discovery Gap, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 632-643, 1987.

Saunders, P. M., Bottom currents near a small hill on the Madiero abyssal plain, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 868-879, 1988.

Schmitt, R. W. and D. L. Evans, An estimate of the vertical mixing due to salt fingers based on observations in the North Atlantic Central water, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 2913-2920, 1978.

Schmitt, R. W., The growth rate of supercritical salt fingers, Deep-Sea Res., 26, 23-40, 1979.

Schmitt, R. W., Flux measurements on salt fingers at an interface, J. Mar. Res., 37, 419-436, 1979.

Schmitt, R. W. and R. B. Lambert, The effects of rotation on salt fingers, J. Fluid Mech. 90, 449-463, 1979.

Schmitt, R. W., Flux measurements on salt fingers at an interface, J. Mar. Res., 37, 419-436, 1979.

Schmitt, R. W., Form of the temperature-salinity relationship in the central water: evidence for double-diffusive mixing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1015-1026, 1981.

Schmitt, R. W., H. Perkins, J. D. Boyd and M. C. Stalcup, C-SALT: an investigation of the thermohaline staircase in the western tropical north Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1655-1666, 1987.

Schmitt, R. W., Mixing in a thermohaline staircase, in Small-scale turbulence and mixing in the ocean, Nihoul & Jamart, eds, Elsevier Oceanogr. Ser. Vol 46, NY, 435-452 pp, 1988.

Schmitt, R. W., J. M. Toole, R. L. Koehler, E. C. Mellinger and K. W. Doherty, The development of a fine-and microstructure profiler, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 5, 484-500, 1988.

Schmitt, R. W., Double diffusion in oceanography, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 26, 255-286, 1994.

Schmitt, R. W., K. Polzin and J. M. Toole, A comparison of direct turbulence measurements with tracer dispersion during NATRE, EOS, 75, 130, 1994.

Schmitt, R. W., The salt finger experiments of Jevons (1857) and Rayleigh (1880), J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 8-17, 1995.

Schneider, N. and P. Muller, Sensitivity of the surface equatorial ocean to the parameterization of vertical mixing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1623-1640, 1994.

Schott, F. and K. D. Leaman, Observations with moored ADCPs in the convective regime of the Golfe du Lion, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 558-574, 1991.

Schott, F., M. Visbeck and J. Fischer, Observations of vertical currents and convection in the central Greenland Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14,401-14,422, 1993.

Schubbler, U. and K. Kremling, A pumping system for underway sampling of dissolved and particulate trace elements in near-surface waters, Deep-Sea Res., 40, 257-266, 1993.

Seaver, G. A., V. L. Vlasov and A. G. Kostianoy, Laboratory calibration in distilled water and seawater of a multichannel interferometer-refractometer, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 14, 267-277, 1997.

Seim, H. E. and M. C. Gregg, Detailed observations of a naturally occurring shear instability, J. Geophys. res., 99, 10,049-10,073, 1994.

Seim, H. E. and M. C. Gregg, Energetics of a naturally occurring shear instability, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 4943-4958, 1995.

Seim, H. E., M. C. Gregg and R. T. Miyamoto, Acoustic backscatter from turbulent microstructure, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 12, 367-380, 1995.

Seim, H. E. and M. C. Gregg, The importance of aspiration and channel curvature in producing strong vertical mixing over a sill, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3451-3472, 1997.

Sellschopp, J., A towed CTD chain for two-dimensional high resolution hydrography, Deep-Sea Res., 44, 147-165, 1997.

Shay, T. J. and M. C. Gregg, Convectively driven turbulent mixing in the upper ocean, Nature, 310, 282-285, 1984.

Shay, T. J. and M. C. Gregg, Convectively driven turbulent mixing in the upper ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1777-1798, 1986.

She, Z., E. Jackson and S. A. Orzag, Intermittent vortex structures in homogeneous isotropic turbulence, Nature, 344, 226-228, 1990.

She, Z., E. Jackson and S. A. Orzag, Structure and dynamics of homogeneous turbulence; models and simulations, Proc.Roy. Soc. Lond., A434, 101-104, 1991.

Shen, C. Y. and R. P. Mied, Statistics of internal wave overturning from observation of upper ocean temperature, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1763-1776, 1986.

Shen, C. Y., The evolution of the double-diffusive instability: salt fingers, Phys. Fluids, A1, 829-844, 1989.

Sherman, J. T. and R. Pinkel, Estimates of the vertical wave-frequency spectra of vertical shear and strain, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 292-302, 1991.

Sherman, J. T. and R. E. Davis, Observations of temperature microstructure in NATRE, EOS, 75, 130, 1994.

Sherman, J. T. and R. E. Davis, Observations of temperature microstructure in NATRE, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1913-1929, 1995.

Shinoda, T. and R. Lukas, Lagrangian mixed layer modeling of the western equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2523-2542, 1995.

Shirtcliffe, T. G. L. and I. M. Calhaem, Measurements of temperature and electrical conductivity in Lake Vanda, N. Z..Journal of Geol. and Geophys., 11, 976-981, 1968.

Shirtcliffe, T. G. L., The development of layered thermosolutal convection, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 12, 215-222, 1969.

Shirtcliffe, T. G. L. and J. S. Turner, Observations of the cell structure of salt fingers, J. Fluid Mech., 41, 707-719, 1970.

Shirtcliffe, T. G. L., Transport and profile measurements of the diffusive interface in double diffusive convection with similar diffusivities, J. Fluid Mech., 57, 27-43, 1973.

Siegel, D. A. and J. A. Domaradzki, Large-eddy simulation of decaying stably stratified turbulence, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2353-2386, 1994.

Simpson, J. H. and J. D. Woods, Temperature microstructure in a freshwater thermocline, Nature, 226, 832-834, 1970.

Simpson, J. H., Density stratification and microstructure in the western Irish Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 18, 309-319, 1971.

Simpson, J. H., Observations of small scale vertical shear in the ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 22, 619-627, 1975.

Simpson, J. H., M. R. Howe, C. G. Morris and J. Stratford, Velocity shear in the steps below the Mediterranean outflow, Deep-Sea Res., 26, 1381-1386, 1979.

Simpson, J. J. and T. D. Dickey, The relationship between downward irradiance and upper ocean structure, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 309-323, 1981.

Simpson, J. H., W. R. Crawford, T. P. Rippeth, A. R. Campbell and J. V. S. Cheok, The vertical structure of turbulent dissipation in shelf seas, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1579-1590, 1996.

Skyllingstad, E. D. and D. W. Denbo, An ocean large-eddy simulation of Langmuir circulation and convection in the surface mixed layer J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8501-8522, 1995.

Sleath, J. F. A., Seabed boundary layers, in The Sea, vol. 9, eds B. LeMehaute and D. M. Hanes, pp693-728, John Wiley, New York, 1990.

Slinn, D. N. and J. R. Riley, Internal wave breakdown over sloping terrain, EOS, 75, 165, 1994.

Smith, J., R. Pinkel and R. A. Weller, Velocity structure in the mixed layer during MILDEX, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 425-439, 1987.

Smith, J. A., Observed growth of Langmuir circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5651-5664, 1992.

Smith, J. A., Performance of a horizontally-scanning Doppler SONAR near shore, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 752-763, 1993.

Smith, N. R. and G. D. Hess, A comparison of vertical eddy mixing parameterizations for equatorial ocean models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1823-1830, 1993.

Smyth, W. D., D. Hebert and J. N. Moum, Local response to a multiphase westerly wind burst, 1, Dynamic response, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,495-22,512, 1996.

Smyth, W. D., D. Hebert and J. N. Moum, Local response to a multiphase westerly wind burst, 2, Thermal and freshwater responses, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,513-22,534, 1996.

Smyth, W. D., P. O. Zavialov and J. N. Moum, Decay of turbulence in the upper ocean following sudden isolation from surface forcing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 910-822, 1997.

Snowden, P. N. and J. C. R. Turner, The Soret effect in some 0.01 N aqueous electrolytes, Trans. Faraday Soc., 56, 1409-1418, 1960.

Snowden, P. N. and J. C. R. Turner, The concentration dependence of the Soret effect, Trans. Faraday Soc., 56, 1812-1819, 1960.

Soloviev, A. V., N. V. Vershinsky and V. A. Bezverchnii, Small-scale turbulence measurements in the thin surface layer of the ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 35, 1859-1874, 1988.

Soloviev, A. V., N. V. Vershinsky and V. A. Bezverchnii, Small-scale turbulence measurements in the thin surface layer of the ocean (Corrigenda), Deep-Sea Res., 36, 1283-1284, 1989.

Soloviev, A. V., Coherent structures at the ocean surface in convectively unstable conditions, Nature, 364, 157-160, 1990.

Soloviev, A. and R. Lukas, Observation of spatial variability of diurnal thermocline and rain-formed halocline in the Western Pacific warm pool, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2529-2538, 1996.

Soloviev, A. and R. Lukas, Sharp frontal interfaces in the near-surface layer of the ocean in the Pacific Equatorial Pacific warm pool, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 999-1017, 1997.

Soloviev, A. and R. Lukas, Observation of large diurnal warming events in the near-surface layer of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool, Deep-Sea Res., 44, 1055-1076, 1997.

Soulsby, R. L., Similarity scaling of turbulence spectra in marine and atmospheric boundary layers, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 934-937, 1977.

Soulsby, R. L. and K. R. Dyer, The form of the near-bed velocity profile in a tidally accelerating flow, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 8067-8074, 1981.

Spain, P. F., D. L. Dorson and H. T. Rossby, PEGASUS: A simple, acoustically-tracked velocity profiler, Deep-Sea Res., 28, 1553-1568, 1981.

Spain, P. and T. B. Sanford, Accurately monitoring the Florida current with motionally-induced voltage, J. Mar. Res., 45, 843-870, 1987.

Spiegel, R. H., Coupling of internal wave motion with entrainment at the density interface of a two-layer lake, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 144-155, 1980.

Spitzer, W. S. and W. J. Jenkins, Rates of vertical mixing, gas exchange and new production, J. Mar. Res., 47, 169-196, 1989.

Squires, K. D. and H. Yamazaki, Preferential concentration of marine particles in isotropic turbulence, Deep-Sea Res., 42, 1989-2004, 1995.

Sreenivasan, K. R., On the scaling of the turbulence energy dissipation rate, Phys. Fluids, 27, 1048-1051, 1984.

Sreenivasan, K., On the universality of the Kolmogorov constant, Phys. Fluids, 7, 2778-2784, 1995.

Stalcup, B. W. and J. P. Dugan, Adaptive technique for eliminating motion contamination from temperature arrays, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 340-348, 1990.

Stalcup, B. W. and J. P. Dugan, An in-situ technique for intercalibrating temperature or conductivity sensors on towed arrays, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 630-639, 1990.

Steck, M., G. L. Mellor and M. G. McPhee, Role of the molecular sublayer in the melting or freezing of sea ice, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 139-147, 1989.

Stegen, G. R., K. Bryan, J. L. Held and F. Ostapoff, Dropped horizontal coherence based on temperature profiles in the upper thermocline, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3841-3847, 1975.

Steinhorn, I., Salt flux and evaporation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1681-1683, 1991.

Stephenson, P. W. and H. J. S. Fernando, Turbulence and mixing in a stratified shear flow, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 59, 147-164, 1991.

Stern, M. E., The salt-fountain and thermohaline convection, Tellus, 12, 172-175, 1960.

Stern, M. E., Lateral mixing of water masses, Deep-Sea Res., 14, 747-753, 1967.

Stern, M. E., T-S gradients on the microscale, Deep-Sea Res., 15, 245-250, 1968.

Stern, M. E., Collective instability of salt fingers, J. Fluid Mech., 35, 209-218, 1969.

Stern, M. E. and J. S. Turner, Salt fingers and convecting layers, Deep-Sea Res., 16, 497-511, 1969.

Stern, M. E., Inequalities and variational principles in double-diffusive turbulence, J. Fluid Mech., 114, 105-121, 1982.

Stewart, R. W., The problem of diffusion in a stratified fluid, Adv. in Geophys., 6, 303-311, 1959.

Stewart, R. W. and H. L. Grant, Determination of the rate of dissipation of turbulent energy near the sea surface in the presence of waves, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 3177-3180, 1962.

Stigebrandt, A. and J. Aure, Vertical mixing in basin waters of fjords, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 917-926, 1989.

Stillinger, D. C., M. J. Head, K. N. Helland and C. W. Van Atta, A closed-loop, gravity-driven water channel for density-stratified shear flows, J. Fluid Mech., 131, 73-89, 1983.

Stillinger, D. C., K. N. Helland and C. W. Van Atta, Experiments on the transition of homogeneous turbulence to internal waves in a stratified fluid, J. Fluid Mech., 131, 91-122, 1983.

Stolzenbach, K. D., K. A. Newman and C. S. Wong, Aggregation of fine particles at the sediment-water interface, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 17,889-17,898, 1992.

Stommel, H., A. B. Arons and D. Blanchard, An oceanographical curiosity: the perpetual salt fountain, Deep-Sea Res., 3, 152-153, 1956.

Stommel, H. and K. N. Federov, Small scale structure in temperature and salinity near Timor and Mindanao, Tellus, 21, 306, 1966.

Stommel, H., K. Saunders, W. Simmons and J. Cooper, Observations of the diurnal thermocline, Deep-Sea Res., 16(Suppl.), 269-284, 1969.

Straus, J. M., Finite-amplitude double-diffusive convection, J. Fluid Mech., 56, 353-374, 1972.

Sukhornkov, V. A. and N. V. Dmitriev, Theory of the turbulent drift friction layer of the ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1137-1149, 1990.

Sun, H., E. Kunze and A. J. Williams III, Vertical heat-flux measurements from a neutrally buoyant float, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 984-1001, 1996.

Sutherland, B. R., Dynamic exitation of internal gravity waves in the equatorial oceans, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2398-2419, 1996.

Svensson, U. and L. Rahm, Modeling the near-bottom region of the benthic boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 6909-6916, 1988.

Svensson, U. and A. Olmstedt, A mathematical model of the ocean boundary layer under drifting melting ice, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 161-171, 1990.

Swallow, J. C. and J. Crease, Hot salty water at the bottom of the Red Sea, Nature, 205, 165-166, 1965.

Sweers, H. E., Vertical diffusivity coefficient in a thermocline, Limnol. & Oceanol., 15, 273-280, 1970.

Tait, R. I. and M. R. Howe, Some observations of thermo-haline stratification in the deep ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 15, 275-280, 1968.

Tait, R. I. and M. R. Howe, Thermohaline staircase, Nature, 231, 178-179, 1971.

Tandon, A. and C. Garrett, Mixed layer restratification due to a horizontal density gradient, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1419-1424, 1994.

Tandon, A. and C. Garrett, Geostrophic adjustment and restratification of a mixed layer with horizontal gradients above a stratified layer, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2229-2241, 1995.

Tandon, A. and S. Leibovich, Secondary instabilities in Langmuir circulation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1206-1217, 1995.

Tandon, A. and S. Leibovich, Simulations of three-dimensional Langmuir circulation in water of constant density, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22,613-22,624, 1995.

Tang, C. L., A. S. Bennett and D. J. Lawrence, Thermohaline intrusions in the frontal zones of a warm-core ring observed by a Batfish, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 8928-8942, 1985.

Tang, C. L.and J. D. Woods, Statistics of upper ocean variables measured by depth-cycled towed instruments, Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1579-1592, 1987.

Tanner, C. C., The Soret effect, Patrt I, Trans. Faraday Soc., 23, 75-95, 1927.

Taylor, G. I., Statistical theory of turbulence, Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser A, 151, 421-454, 1935.

Taylor, G. I., The spectrum of turbulence, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A164, 476-490, 1938.

Taylor, J. and C. Veronis, Experiments on salt fingers in a Hele-Shaw cell, Science, 231, 39-41, 1986.

Taylor, J., The fluxes across diffusive interfaces at low values of the density ratio, Deep-Sea Res., 35, 555-568, 1988.

Taylor, J. and P. Bucens, Laboratory experiments on the structure of salt fingers, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 1675-1704, 1989.

Taylor, C. D. and K. W. Doherty, Submersible Incubation Device (SID), autonomous instrumentation for the in-situ measurement of primary production, Deep-Sea Res., 37, 343-358, 1990.

Taylor, J., Laboratory experiments on the formation of salt fingers after the decay of turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 12,497-12,511, 1991.

Taylor, J. R., The energetics of breaking events in a resonantly forced internal wave field, J. Fluid Mech., 239, 309-340, 1991.

Taylor, J. R., Anisotropy of salt fingers, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 554-565, 1993.

Taylor, A. H. and J. A. Stephens, Diurnal variations of convective mixing and the spring bloom of phytoplankton, Deep-Sea Res. II, 40, 389-408, 1993.

Terray, E. A., M. A. Donelan, Y. C. Agrawal, W. M. Drennan, K. K. Kahma, A. J. Williams III, P. A. Hwang and S. A. Kitaigorodski, Estimates of kinetic energy dissipation under breaking waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 792-807, 1996.

Tett, P. and A. Edwards, Mixing and plankton: an interdiscipinary theme in oceanography, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 22, 99-123, 1985.

Thomas, W. H. and C. H. Gibson, Quantified small-scale turbulence inhibits a red tide dinoflagellate, Deep-Sea Res., 37, 1583-1594, 1990.

Thomas, F. I. M. and M. J. Atkinson, Field calibration of a microhole potentiostatic oxygen sensor for oceanic CTDs, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 12, 390-394, 1995.

Thomas, W. H. and C. H. Gibson, Quantified small-scale turbulence inhibits a red tide dinoflagellate, Deep Sea Res., 37, 1583-1593, 1990.

Thomas, W. H. and C. H. Gibson, Effects of small-scale turbulence on microalgae, J. Appl. Phycol., 2, 71-77, 1990.

Thomson, R. E., T. A. Curran, M. C. Hamilton and R. McFarlane, Time series measurements from a moored fluorescence-based dissolved oxygen sensor, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 5, 614-624, 1988.

Thoroddsen, S. T. and C. W. Van Atta, The influence of stable stratification on small scale anisotropy and dissipation in turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3647-3658, 1992.

Thorpe, S. A., A method of producing a shear flow in a stratified fluid, J. Fluid Mech., 32, 693-704, 1968.

Thorpe, S. A., P. K. Hutt and R. Soulsby, The effect of horizontal gradients on thermohaline convection, J. Fluid Mech., 38, 375-400, 1969.

Thorpe, S. A., Turbulence in stably stratified fluids: a review of laboratory experiments, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 5, 95-119, 1973.

Thorpe, S. A. and A. J. Hall, Evidence of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in Loch Ness, Limnol. & Oceanogr., 19, 973-976, 1974.

Thorpe, S. A., Turbulence and mixing in a Scottish loch, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., 286, 125-181, 1977.

Thorpe, S. A. and J. M. Brubaker, Observation of sound reflection by temperature microstructure, Limnol. Oceanogr., 28, 601-613, 1983.

Thorpe, S. A., Statically unstable layers produced by overturning gravity waves, J. Fluid Mech., 260, 333-350, 1994.

Thorpe, S. A., The stability of statically unstable layers, J. Fluid Mech., 260, 315-331, 1994.

Thorpe, S. A., Small-scale processes in the upper ocean boundary layer, Nature, 318, 519-523, 1985.

Thorpe, S. A., Measurements with an automatically recording inverted echo sounder; ARIES and the bubble clouds, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1462-1478, 1986.

Thorpe, S. A., Current and temperature variability on the continental slope, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., A 323, 471-517, 1987.

Thorpe, S. A., Transitional phenomena and the development of turbulence in stratified fluids, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5231-5248, 1987.

Thorpe, S. A., The distortion of short internal waves by a long waves, with application to ocean boundary mixing, J. Fluid Mech., 208, 394-415, 1989.

Thorpe, S. A., P. Hall and M. White, The variability of mixing at the continental slope, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., A 331, 183-194, 1990.

Thorpe, S. A., M. Cure and M. White, The skewness of temperature derivatives in oceanic boundary layers, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 428-433, 1991.

Thorpe, S. A., Thermal fronts caused by internal gravity waves reflecting from a slope, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 105-108, 1992.

Thorpe, S. A., The breakup of Langmuir circulation and the instability of an array of vortices, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 350-360, 1992.

Thorpe, S. A., Bubble clouds and the dynamics of the upper ocean, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 118, 1-22, 1992.

Thorpe, S. A., Energy loss by breaking waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2498-2502, 1993.

Thorpe, S. A. and A. J. Hall, Nearshore side-scan SONAR studies, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 778-783, 1993.

Thorpe, S. A., On the interactions of internal waves reflecting from slopes, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2072-2078, 1997.

Tomczak, M., Salinity variability in the surface layer of the tropical western Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,499-20,516, 1995.

Toole, J. M. and D. T. Giorgi, On the dynamics and effects of double-diffusively driven intrusions, Prog. Oceanogr., 10, 123-145, 1981.

Toole, J. M. and S. P. Hayes, Finescale velocity-density characteristics and Richardson number statistics of the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 712-726, 1984.

Toole, J. M. and R. W. Schmitt, Small scale structure in the northwest Atlantic subtropical front, Nature, 327, 47-49, 1986.

Toole, J. M., H. Peters and M. C. Gregg, Upper ocean shear and density variability at the equator during TROPIC HEAT, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1397-1406, 1987.

Toole, J. M., R. W. Schmitt and K. L. Polzin, Deep ocean estimates of turbulent velocity and temperature dissipation, EOS, 73, 321, 1992.

Toole, J. M., K. L. Polzin and R. W. Schmitt, New estimates of diapycnal mixing in the abyssal ocean, Science, 264, 1120-1123, 1994.

Toole, J. M., K. W. Doherty, D. E. Frye and R. C. Millard, A wire-guided free-fall system for shipborne hydrographic profiling, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 14, 667-675, 1997.

Toole, J. M., R. W. Schmitt, K. L. Polzin and E. Kunze, Near-boundary mixing above the flanks of a midlatitude seamount, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 947-960, 1997.

Topham, D. R. and R. G. Perkin, On the transient behavior of conductivity sensors, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 1, 201-219, 1984.

Townsend, A. A., Turbulent flow in a stably stratified atmosphere, J. Fluid Mech., 3, 361-372, 1957.

Townsend, A. A., Exitation of internal waves by a turbulent boundary layer, J. Fluid Mech., 22, 241-252, 1965.

Townsend, A. A., Internal waves produced by a convective layer, J. Fluid Mech., 24, 307-319, 1966.

Townsend, A. A., Exitation of internal waves in a stably-stratified atmosphere with considerable wind shear, J. Fluid Mech., 32, 145-171, 1968.

Trowbridge, J. H. and Y. C. Agrawal, Glimpses of a wave boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,729-20,744, 1995.

Trump, C. L., Effect of ship's roll on the quality of precision CTD data, Deep-Sea Res., 30, 1173-1184, 1983.

Tsimplis, M. N., The effect of rain in calming the sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 404-412, 1993.

Turner, J. S. and H. Stommel, A new case of convection in the presence of combined vertical salinity and temperature gradients, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 52, 49-53, 1964.

Turner, J. S., The coupled turbulent transports of salt and heat across a sharp density interface, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 8, 759-767, 1965.

Turner, J. S., Salt fingers across an interface, Deep-Sea Res., 14, 599-611, 1967.

Turner, J. S., The behavior of a stable salinity gradient heated from below, J. Fluid Mech., 33, 183-200, 1968.

Turner, J. S., Effect of molecular diffusion on entrainment across a density interface, J. Fluid Mech., 33, 183-200, 1968.

Turner, J. S., A note on wind mixing at the seasonal thermocline, Deep-Sea Res., 16(Suppl.), 297-300, 1969.

Turner, J. S., T. G. L. Shirtcliffe and P. G. Brewer, Elemental variations of transport coefficients across density interfaces in multiply diffusive systems, Nature, 228, 1083-1084, 1970.

Turner, J. S., Double-diffusive phenomena, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 6, 37-56, 1974.

Turner, J. S. and C. F. Chen, Two-dimensional effects in double-diffusive convection, J. Fluid Mech., 63, 577-592, 1974.

Ushio, S. and M. Wakatsuchi, A laboratory study on supercooling and frazil ice production processes in winter coastal polynas, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,321-20,328, 1993.

Vagle, S. and D. M. Farmer, The measurement of bubble-size distributions by acoustic backscatter, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 9, 630-644, 1992.

Van Atta, C. W., Comment on "The scaling of turbulence in the presence of vertical stratification", J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11,673-11,674, 1990.

Van Atta, C. W., Local isotropy of the smallest scales of turbulent scalar and velocity fields, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., A 434, 139-147, 1991.

Van Leer, J. C. and C. G. Rooth, Shear observations in the deep thermocline, Deep-Sea Res., 22, 831-836, 1975.

Vaughn, S. L. and K. D. Leaman, The role of small-scale cells in the Mediterranean convection process, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2423-2436, 1995.

Veronis, G. An approximate theoretical analysis of the equatorial undercurrent, Deep-Sea Res., 6, 318-327, 1960.

Veronis, G., On finite amplitude instability in thermohaline convection, J. Mar. Res., 23, 1-17, 1965.

Veronis, G., Effect of a stabilizing gradient of solute on thermal convection, J. Fluid Mech., 34, 315-336, 1968.

Villaret, C. and J. H. Trowbridge, Effects of stratification by suspended sediments on turbulent shear flows, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10,659-10,680, 1991.

Voorhis, A. D. and D. L. Dorson, Thermal convection in the Atlantis II hot brine pool, Deep-Sea Res., 22, 167-175, 1975.

Wallace, J. M. and J. F. Foss, The measurement of vorticity turbulent flows, Annual Rev. Fluid Mech., 27, 469-514, 1995.

Walsh, D. and B. Ruddick, Double-diffusive interleaving: The influence of non-constant diffusivities, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 348-358, 1995.

Wang, J. and J. Wu, Effects of near-bottom return flows on wind-induced currents, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 2263-2271, 1987.

Wang, D., W. G. Large and J. C. McWilliams, Large-eddy simulation of the equatorial ocean boundary layer: Diurnal cycling, eddy viscosity and horizontal rotation, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3649-3662, 1996.

Washburn, L., Two-dimensional observations of temperature microstructure in a coastal region, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10,787-10,798, 1987.

Washburn, L. and R. H. Kase, Double diffusion and the distribution of the density ratio in the Mediterranean outflow southeast of the Azores, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 12-25, 1987.

Washburn, L., D. A. Siegel, T. D. Dickey and M. K. Hamilton, Isopycnal mixing and the distribution of particles across the North Pacific subtropical front, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 1607-1620, 1989.

Washburn, L., T. F. Duda and D. C. Jacobs, Interpreting conductivity microstructure: Estimating the temperature variance dissipation rate, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 13, 1166-1188, 1996.

Watson, K. M., The coupling of surface and internal gravity waves: revisited, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1233-1247, 1990.

Watson, A. J., J. R. Ledwell and S. C. Sutherlin, The Santa Monica Basin Tracer Experiment: Comparison of release methods and performance of perfluorodecalin and sulfur hexafluoride, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8719-8725, 1991.

Weinstock, J. Energy dissipation rates of turbulence in the stable free atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 880-883, 1981.

Weinstock, J., Vertical diffusivity and overturning length in stably stratified turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12,653-12,658, 1992.

Weisberg, R. H. and S. P. Hayes, Upper ocean variability on the equator in the Pacific at 170W, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,485-20,498, 1995.

Weller, R. A., J. P. Dean, J. Marra, J. F. Price, E. A. Francis and D. C. Boardman, Three-dimensional flow in the upper ocean, Science, 227, 1552-1556, 1985.

Weller, R. A., Oceanography: Mixing the upper ocean, Nature, 328, 649, 1987.

Weller, R. A. and J. F. Price, Langmuir circulation within the oceanic mixed layer, Deep-Sea Res., 35, 711-747, 1988.

Weller, R. A., Overview of the Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX): A study of air-sea interaction in a region of strong gradients, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8501-8516, 1991.

Weller, R. A., D. L. Rudnick, C. C. Eriksen, K. L. Polzin, N. S. Oakey, J. W. Toole, R. W. Schmitt and R. T. Pollard, Forced ocean response during FASINEX, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8611-8638, 1991.

Weller, R. A. and A. J. Plueddemann, Observation of the vertical structure of the oceanic boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8789-8807, 1996.

Wick, G. A., W. J. Emery, L. H. Kantha and P. Schlussel, The behavior of the bulk-skin sea surface temperature difference under varying wind speed and heat flux, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1969-1988, 1996.

Widder, E. A., J. F. Casse, S. A. Bernstein, S. MacIntyre, M. R. Lowenstine, M. R. Bowlby and D. P. Cook, A new large volume bioluminescence bathyphotometer, Deep-Sea Res., 40, 607-628, 1993.

Wijesekera, H. W. and T. M. Dillon, Internal waves and mixing in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7115-7126, 1991.

Wijesekera, H. W., T. M. Dillon and L. Padman, Some statistical and dynamical properties of turbulence in the oceanic pycnocline, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22,665-22,680, 1993.

Wijesekera, H., L. Padman, T. M. Dillon, M. D. Levine, C. A. Paulson and R. Pinkel, The application of internal-wave dissipation models to a region of strong mixing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 269-286, 1993.

Wijesekera, H. W., Fractal dimension as an indicator for turbulent mixing in the thermocline, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,703-16,709, 1996.

Wijesekera, H. W. and M. C. Gregg, Surface layer response to weak winds, westerly bursts, and rain squalls in the Western Pacific Warm Pool, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 977-997, 1996.

Wijesekera, H. W. and T. M. Dillon, Shannon entropy as an indicator of age for turbulent overturns in the oceanic thermocline, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3279-3292, 1997.

Williams, A. J. III, Salt fingers observed in the Mediterranean outflow, Science, 185, 941-943, 1974.

Williams, R. B. and C. H. Gibson, Direct measurements of turbulence in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 4, 104-108, 1974.

Williams, A. J. III, Images of oceanic microstructure, Deep-Sea Res., 22, 811-829, 1975.

Williams, A. J. III, J. S. Tochko, R. L. Koehler, W. D. Grant, T. F. Gross and C. V. R. Dunn, Measurement of turbulence in the bottom layer with an ACM array, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 312-327, 1987.

Wilson, W. D., Speed of sound in sea water as a function of temperature, pressure and salinity, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 32, 641-645, 1960.

Wilson, W. D. and D. Bradley, Specific volume, thermal expansion and isothermal compressibility of sea water, Naval Ordnance Laboratory Tech. Rpt., 66-103, 1966.

Wimbush, M., Temperature gradient above the deep-sea floor, Nature, 227, 1041-1043, 1970.

Winkel, D. P., M. C. Gregg and T. B. Sanford, Simultaneous observations of shear and turbulence in the Florida current, Tenth Symposium on Turbulence and Diffusion, Amer. Met. Soc., J5101-J5104, 1992.

Winkel, D. P., M. C. Gregg and T. B. Sanford, Resolving oceanic shear and velocity with the multi-scale profiler, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 13, 1046-1072, 1996.

Winters, K. E. and E. A. D'Asaro, Diapycnal fluxes in density stratified flows, J. Fluid Mech., 317, 179-193, 1996.

Winters, K. B. and E. A. D'Asaro, Direct simulation of internal wave energy transfer, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1937-1945, 1997.

Woods, J. D., Wave-induced shear instability in the summer thermocline, J. Fluid Mech., 32, 791-800, 1968.

Woods, J. D., An investigation of some physical processes associated with the vertical flow of heat through the upper ocean, Met. Mag. Lond., 97, 65-72, 1968.

Woods, J. D., Diurnal behavior of the summer thermocline off Malta, Dt. hydrogr. Z., 21, 106-108, 1969.

Woods, J. D., CAT under water, Weather, 23, 224-235, 1969.

Woods, J. D., On designing a probe to measure ocean microstructure, Underwater Sci. Tech. J., 1, 5-12, 1969.

Woods, J. D., Fossil turbulence, Radio Sci., 4, 1365-1367, 1969.

Woods, J. D., On Richardson's number as a criterion for laminar-turbulent-laminar transition in the ocean and atmosphere, Radio Science, 4, 1289-1298, 1969.

Woods, J. D. and R. L. Wiley, Billow turbulence and ocean microstructure, Deep-Sea Res., 19, 87-121, 1972.

Woods, J. D., R. Onken and J. Fischer, Thermohaline intrusions created isopycnally at oceanic fronts are inclined to isopycnals, Nature, 322, 446-449, 1986.

Woolf, D. K. and S. A. Thorpe, Bubbles and the air-sea exchange of gases in near saturation conditions, J. Mar. Res., 49, 435-466, 1991.

Wu, J., Bubbles in the near-surface ocean: their various structures, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1955-1965, 1994.

Wunsch, C. and J. Dahlen, Preliminary results of internal wave measurements in the main thermocline at Bermuda, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 5899-5908, 1970.

Wunsch, C., Temperature microstructure on the Bermuda slope with application to the mean flow, Tellus, 24, ????, 1972.

Wyngaard, J. C., Atmospheric turbulence, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 205-233, 1992.

Yamazaki, H. and R. G. Lueck, Turbulence in the California undercurrent, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1378-1396, 1987.

Yamazaki, H., Stratified turbulence near a critical dissipation rate, J. Phys. Oceanogr., J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1583-1590, 1990.

Yamazaki, H., Breakage models: Lognormality and intermittency, J. Fluid Mech., 219, 181-193, 1990.

Yamazaki, H. and R. Lueck, Why oceanic dissipation rates are not lognormal, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1907-1918, 1990.

Yamazaki, H., R. G. Lueck and T. Osborn, A comparison of turbulence data from a submarine and a vertical profiler, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1778-1786, 1990.

Yamazaki, H. and T. Osborn, Dissipation estimates for stratified turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 9739-9744, 1990.

Yamazaki, H. and D. Kamykowski, The vertical trajectories of motile phytoplankton in a wind-mixed water column, Deep-Sea Res., 38, 219-242, 1991.

Yamazaki, H.and T. Osborn, Direct estimation of heat flux in a seasonal thermocline, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 503-516, 1993.

Yamazaki, H. and T. Osborn, Correction to "Dissipation estimates for stratified turbulence," J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12,605, 1993.

Yamazaki, H., An observation of gravitational collapse caused by turbulent mixing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 826-831, 1996.

Yin, F. L. and E. S. Sarachik, Dynamics and heat balance of steady equatorial currents, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1647-1669, 1993.

Yoshida, J., H. Nagashima and H, Niino, The behavior of double-diffusive intrusions in a rotating system, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 4923-4938, 1989.

You, Y., T. J. McDougall and R. W. Schmitt, Dianeutral motion, water mass conversion, and nonlinear effects on the density ratio in the Pacific thermocline, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1891-1904, 1995.

Yu, L. and J. J. O'Brien, Variational estimation of the wind stress drag coefficient and the oceanic eddy viscosity profile, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 709-719, 1991.

Yu, Z. and P. S. Schopf, Vertical eddy mixing in the tropical upper ocean: its influence on zonal currents, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1447-1458, 1997.

Zahariev, K. and C. Garrett, An apparent surface buoyancy flux associated with the nonlinearity of the equation of state, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 362-268, 1997.

Zenk, W., On the temperature and salinity structure of the Mediterranean water in the Northeast Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res., 17, 627-631, 1970.

Zodiatis, G. and G. P. Gasparini, Thermohaline staircase formation in the Tyrrenian Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 43, 655-678, 1996.